Riyadhد Riyadh, Ar Riyad د لمونځ وختونه

Riyadh is the capital of Saudi Arabia and the historical seat of the Najdi Al Saud dynasty, which unified the modern kingdom in 1932 and oversees the Two Holy Mosques in Makkah and Madinah. The city is home to Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University, one of the largest centres of formal Salafi-Hanbali religious training, and to the Council of Senior Scholars (Hayʾat Kibār al-ʻUlamā'), the country's highest religious-legal authority. The Imam Turki bin Abdullah Mosque, adjacent to the historical Masmak Fortress in al-Bathaa where the Saudi state's modern foundation is dated to 1902, holds significant national-symbolic weight; the King Khalid Grand Mosque and dozens of large neighbourhood mosques accommodate Riyadh's population of more than seven million across the city's expanding districts. Riyadh follows the Umm al-Qura calculation method published by the kingdom's official authority, which sets prayer times nationally and underpins the Saudi-issued Hijri calendar.